Radar is extensively used in air traffic control, navigation and in military applications. It is an electromagnetic system which can detect and locate reflecting objects. Objects such as aircraft, spacecraft, ships, vehicles, people, buildings etc. can easily be detected by the Radar technology. Here energy is radiated into space and echo signal reflected from the object is detected. The main components of a Radar system are antenna, duplexer, power amplifier, pulse moderator, waveform generator, low-noise RF amplifier, mixer, local oscillator, IF amplifier, filter, demodulator, video amplifier etc. Klystron, traveling wave tube or a transistor amplifier can be used as a power amplifier. A waveform generator produces a low power radar signal. Pulse modulator converts the signal into a pulse waveform. The output of the transmitter is delivered to the antenna by a waveguide or by some transmission lines and thus is radiated into space. A duplexer is used to facilitate the usage of antenna for both transmission and reception. The mixer-local oscillator system converts the RF signal from RF amplifier to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and it gets amplified by an IF amplifier.
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